There have been various stages of economic growth between the countries of the European Union since 1958, when its history began. The pen-ultimate stage of its integration was a common or single market. Within a single market there a no tariffs between member countries and there are common external tariffs against countries outside the agreement. A single market is a strong form of integration involving the establishment of a common system of taxation, common laws relating to employment
and trade, and the free movement of factors of production as well as goods and services. Within the European Union, members not only enjoy free trade in goods and services but also the free movement of labour and capital. For example, a worker in the United Kingdom should be able to re-locate and work in any of the member states without being prevented by legislation.
The Single European act was signed in 1986, which outlined a timetable for the implementation of measures to create a true single market by the end of 1992.
Economists argue that integration leads to large benefits for the countries involved, with more complex stages of integration such as a single market leading to significant benefits in terms of efficiency and welfare gains and cost reductions.
We can split the benefits of integration into short-term or static gains and more long-term dynamic gains.
The establishment of the Single market within Europe has led to significant gains for the participating member states. The removal of internal market barriers and the harmonisation of national regulations are expected to lead to an increase in trade and reductions in cost.
David Ricardo stated in his theory of Comparative Advantage that countries would not ...