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Question 1:
1.1. The Oxford dictionary defines management as “1. Control. 2. The people in charge”.
PJ Smit and GJ de J Cronje say: “ Management is defined as the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the resources of the organization to achieve stated organizational goal as productively as possible”.
My understanding of management is a group of leaders or a leader that identifies the goal of an organization, takes effective, tactical and ethical measures to achieve them. Then implements a suitable plan to achieve the goals with outstanding results.
1.2. The management process consists of four separate fundamental management functions that combine together. They are Planning, Organising, Leading and Controlling. These are referred to as P.O.L.C.
The following diagram should provide a better understanding of how they fit and work together.
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Managers do not have certain times or dates for when they need to perform on of those tasks. They often need to be able to perform all of them at the same time and place. The arrows in the middle of the diagram show this, while the outer arrows provide a framework for how the whole process should work. Starting with planning.
Planning is the first, the planning step identifies the orgnisations goals. They have to be able to identify the goals and the relevant types of resources that will be required in order to reach the end goal. This step also involves a lot of decision making, the plans and decision-making are performed mainly by top-management and vary in time length. Functional managers perform tactical plans to support the organizations long-term plans. While the lower management plans for the shorter perio ...