Table of contents
1. INTRODUCTION 3
2. ANALYSIS OF CYNICISM ON THE WORKFLOOR 4
2.1 DEFINITION OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF CYNICISM 4
2.1.1 View of Andersson 4
2.1.2 View of Mc Namara 5
2.1.3 View of Dean, Brandes and Dharwadkar 5
2.2 CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF CYNICISM 6
2.2.1 Theory of contract violation 7
2.2.2 Causes and effects by McNamara 9
2.3 RELATION BETWEEN EMPLOYEE CYNICISM AND ORGANISATIONAL DESIGN 9
2.4 CYNICISM AND THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ORGANIZATION 12
2.4.1 Entrepreneurial organisation 12
2.4.2 Machine organisation 13
2.4.3 Diversified organisation 13
2.4.4 Professional organisation 14
2.4.5 Innovative organisation 14
2.5 REDUCING CYNICISM WITH CHANGES IN THE ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN 15
3. CONCLUSION 17
4. REFERENCE LIST 18
1. Introduction
Nowadays cynicism can be found in every organisation and everywhere in the world. It started early with the establishment of a cynic school by a Greek scholar Antisthenes in the fifth century. More precisely, it was one of his pupils, Diogenes who “wished to live an exemplary life of worldly goods” (Andersson, 1996, p.1395). He created the way of thought and the way the cynics lived. The prevailing mission in their minds was to live at the minimum standard of living with a few clothes and high standards of ethics and morality. They refused the social standards of living and are contemptuous of society’s institutions, ...