Islam was the one of the few stream of thoughts which recognized a complete freedom to constructive discourse and investigation. Islamic research and studies reached its peak of prominence and prevalence when the different schools of Islamic philosophy and thougths came into existence.
Druing the days of Kharijites, Mutazillas and the discourse of all 72 sects within Islam, no one felt any need to streamline of straightjacket the differing view points and regiment the quest for investigation.
The most interesting part is, these different groups never started their journey with a pre-conceived notion or with any pre-ordained commitment or affidavit or declaration. They went around throughout the world finding out the various schools of thoughts and philosophies, discoursed and debated with their own experience and came to conclusion which still now is considered to be the most valuable collection of rational and democratic library of discourse in the human civilization. Aided by the famous guideline from Prophet himself, to go to ``china even for knowledge``, they examined every possible thoughts, ideas, religions and philosophies.
They described with utmost honesty their rencontres, their experiences and their reckonings. They exchanged notes and they debated. They brought forth a wonderful culture of knowledge dissemination and discourse.That movement gave rise to what we see these days in Comparative Religious Studies.
Science can be meant to be a study which considers falsifiability as its cornerstone.
Every conclusion could be proved to be false at a later time or space.Thus no pre-assumption or axiom should be there as a premise.
The Islamic investigative culture during those days did not start with any such pre-ordained ax ...