Kant
The good
Categorical imperative
1. act only as if your action were universal law.
2. treat humanity not always as exclusively a means, but as an end.
You can use them as a means, but they have to be included in the ends.As an end, not a means
Both formulations have to apply to count
Good character
Good intent. Doing what it is right because it is right.
Objections
Lying to save someones life.
Laws based on the church are illegitimate.
Must make autonomous decisions about moral issues.
Utilitarianism (Consequentialism, John Stewart Mill)b
The good
Happiness or pleasure.
Good character
Jim the disoriented botanist. Shoots the one to save the rest. Don't fight instincts.
Right Action
Maximizing pleasure, minimizing suffering, "moral calculus."
Objections
Violates integrity. If you believe against ki ...