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Nose- external nares- nostrils divided by nasal septum- internal nares- opening to nasopharynx- hard palate- separates oral/nasal cavities- soft palate- posterior to hard palate- nasal conchae- projections of nasal cavity that cause turbulence in airflow- effects on humidity temp, filtration, olfactory sense- cilia- sweap mucous and trapped particles into pharynx
Pharynx- shared chamber- respiratory and digestive nasopharynx, oropharynx, and larynopharynx
Larynx- epiglottis- prevents food from entering the glottis- thyroid cartilage- adams apple- ericoid cartilage- posterior support-both protect above
Sound- False vc- protect elastic true vocal cords
Pitch- length, width, and tension
Volume- force of air
Aomplification and resonance within pharynx, oral and nasal cavities and sinuses
Words- formed by tongue, lips, and cheeks
Trachea- windpipe is tough flexible tube supported by 20 trached cart. (C shaped rings open to esophagus)
Bronchi- primary secondary tertiary and quaternary and quaternary
Bronchioles- sympathetic innervation controls constriction and dilation of bronchioles
Alveolar ducts open to alveolar sacs to alveoli made of simple squamous epith. 150 million
Alveolar macrophages- engulfing dust and particles- surfactant reduces surface tension within the alveoli to keep them inflated in exhal
Squamous epith of a- basement mem- endoth cap
Lungs- right 3 lobe left 2 lobe- apex superior, base on diaphram- mediastinal surf cardiac notch
Pleural Cavities- parietal pleura (covers rib cage) & visceral pleura (covers lungs) are continuous & separated by pleura- reduce frict.
Step 1- pulmonary ventilation- air into and out
Step ...