edf40wrjww2CF_PaperMaster:Desc
Motivation is “a concept used to describe the factors within an individual which arouse, maintain and channel behaviour towards a goal” (http://opax.swin.edu.au/~388226/howto/it2/motiv1.htm). This definition suggests that one factor is unlikely to motivate an entire workforce due to the individualism of workers needs. I will produce a well-structured essay where I will first discuss the ‘need based’ theories which go against the hypothesis and discuss the links; this will then lead into a theory supporting the hypothesis. I will then include research demonstrating examples of the debate and finish with a well-rounded conclusion depicting why I believe money is not the only motivation for employees.
There are diverse theories which support my view. Abraham Maslow’s ‘hierarchy of needs’ (1994) argues that wages are a basic need and that motivators are higher in the pyramid making them psychological rather than material. Maslow theorised that individuals are motivated by their own unattained needs. Fredrik Herzberg’s two–factor theory (1966) also centres on the unattained needs of workers as a way of motivating. Herzberg speaks of Hygiene factors which cause dissatisfaction when non-present but do not create motivation; money being one. Motivators on the other hand, “give workers job satisfaction” (Hall et al., 2005, p.423) and therefore motivate. In both theories money is not a motivator; however numerous motivators are discussed as both theorists show understanding of diversity amongst worker needs. Taylor’s scientific management (1911) on the other hand, fails to show the same understanding. Employees are viewed as automated economical machines, naturally motivated by money. He fails to realise that his on ...