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Traditional Assumptions
? people try to satisfy one class of need at work: economic need
? no conflict exists between individual and organizational objectives
? people act rationally to maximize rewards
? we act individually to satisfy individual needs
Human relations Assumptions
? organizations are social systems, not just technical economic systems
? we are motivated by many needs
? we are not always logical
? we are interdependent; our behavior is often shaped by the social context
? informal work group is a major factor in determining attitudes and performance of individual workers
? management is only one factor affecting behavior; the informal group often has a stronger impact
? job roles are more complex than job descriptions would suggest; people act in many ways not covered by job descriptions
? there is no automatic correlation between individual and organizational needs
? communication channels cover both logical/economic aspects of an organization and feelings of people
? teamwork is essential for cooperation and sound technical decisions
? leadership should be modified to include concepts of human relations
? job satisfaction will lead to higher job productivity
? management requires effective social skills, not just technical skills
SCHOOLS OF HISTORICAL THOUGHT AND THEIR COMPONENTS BY DECADE
Org. theory prior to 1900 ...