In the medical field there emerges a conflict that all physicians will eventually come to deal with, or are already dealing with regularly; that is the conflict of Autonomy and informed consent versus Paternalism and the doctor's intervention. In one hand, Autonomy is the principle of non-interference and the right to self-governance; informed consent is the concept that "Every human being of adult years and sound mind has a right to determine what shall be done with his own body?(102)" it is the exercise of a choice after being informed of the process and risks of a medical treatment. While in the other hand lies Paternalism; "the interference with, limitation of, or usurpation of individual autonomy justified by reasons referring exclusively to the welfare or needs of the person" being overridden (61). In other words: doctor knows best, doctor chooses best, doctor does best- all for the welfare of the doctors patient.
Taking a closer look at Autonomy we see that there are some obstacles that might become involved. First, by definition, it must involve a human of "adult years," and a "sound mind." This brings in some constraints that need to be addressed, other then the obvious age constraint. Terrence Ackerman in his report dated 1982 called "Why Doctors should intervene" gives light to various kinds of constraints. These include: Physical constraints; such as prison or bodily prevention, Cognitive constraints; someone with the inability to understand the information given to them, Psychological constraints; this would involve someone who is depressed or suffers from something like Alzheimer's disease, and Social constraints; a peer pressure or the cultural background of a patient playing a role in autonomous decisions. C ...