Historical development of strategic management
Strategic management emerged as a discipline in the 1950s and 60s. The most notable innovators were Alfred Chandler, Philip Selznick, Igor Ansoff and Peter Drucker. Alfred Chandler saw the need to organize the various aspects of management under one strategy. Phillip Selznick presented the idea that internal factors corresponds to external environmental circumstances. Igor Ansoff built on Chandlers work by inventing a new vocabulary. Peter Drucker accentuated the significance of objectives. He predicted the emergence of intellectual capital.
The Profit Impact of Marketing Strategies (PIMS) concluded that the greater a company's market share, the greater will be their profit. The benefits of high market share peaks an interest in new growth strategies. Another study indicated that a low market share may also be profitable
Harry Markowitz and other financial developed one of the most significant strategic management concept- the portfolio theory. The conclusion was that portfolio reduces specific risk. The marketing oriented firm evolved in the 1970s. A product of high technical quality was assumed to be of great significance in the success of a business.
The success of the Japanese industry was very noticeable in the 70s. Richard Pascale and Anthony Athos associate the success of the Japanese industry with the superior management techniques employed. Kenichi Ohame compared the Japan and the American culture by stating that Japanese tend to make vague, ambigious and tentative decisions whereas Americans make fast decisions. The Japanese challenge brought about an increase in attempt to explain their success. Dave Packard and Bill Packard devised a management style ? Management by Walking Aro ...