Abstract
Quantitative data is not required to be convinced that tobacco smoking is harmful. In 1604, shortly after tobacco smoking was introduced in Europe, King James I of England wrote A Counterblaste to Tobacco, in which he wrote, "Smoking is a custom loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs, and in the black, stinking fume thereof nearest resembling the horrible Stygian smoke of the pit that is bottomless." Many people did not take heed to their dear king's advice. Over time, tobacco smoking became more and more popular. This paper reviews five separate studies which illustrate different aspects of tobacco initiation, usage and cessation with the use of different statistical methods.
Study's on Tobacco Initiation, Usage and Cessation
Introduction and Literature
In the United States, tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death and disease. Smoking kills more than 440,000 people in the United States each year, with most deaths occurring from lung cancer, ischemic heart disease, and chronic airway obstruction (Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2002) yet; approximately 23% of American adults continue to smoke cigarettes (2002). In 2000, it was estimated that approximately 8.6 million persons in the United States were living with at least one condition attributed to smoking (2002).
There have been thousands of research projects and studies which have been conducted on the topic of nicotine and tobacco. The first groundbreaking study conducted on the subject of tobacco was by medical statisticians and epidemiologists Richard Doll and Austin Bradford Hill. It was the first study which proved that smoking causes lung cancer. (Medical Research Council, 2004)
Over the decades, more focus and emphasis ...